Domain Name System, Internet developed as an experimental system during 1970 and 1980. It is flourishing in TCP / IP protocols are necessary for ARPANET and other networks in January 1983, standard protocols so many other networks. Indeed, the Internet has so rapidly that the existing mechanisms for associating the names of host computers (eg, UCLA, USC ISI) for Internet addresses (known as IP addresses), were about to be extended beyond acceptable engineering limits.
Most of the applications on the Internet refers to target computers by name. These names must be translated into Internet addresses to lower-level protocols can be enabled to apply for assistance. For a time, a group at SRI International in Menlo Park, CA, called Network Information Center (NIC), has kept a list of simple, machine-readable names and Internet addresses that link was made available on the net. Internet hosts just want a copy of this list, usually daily, such as a local copy of the table to maintain. This list is known as file "host.txt" (because it was just a text file).
List was in place on the internet that directory services (eg 411 or 703-555-1212) has the U.S. phone system - translating a name to an address. As the Internet grew, it became difficult for the NIC to keep the current list. Before this problem will only get worse, as the network expanded, researchers at USC Information Sciences Institute began with an attempt to create a broader way to ensure that information the same design. The end result was the Domain Name System (DNS) [xvi], which allowed hundreds of thousands of "name servers" small part of a global database of information to associate IP addresses with the names of computers on the Internet to maintain.
Hierarchical structure name is in nature. For example, host computers connected to the educational institutions have names like "stanford.edu" or "ucla.edu. Hosts special must have names like" cs.ucla.edu "to refer to a computer in the computer science department of UCLA, for example. A set of computers called "root servers" to store information about the names and addresses of other servers containing more detailed name / address associations.
designers of DNS also has developed seven generic " high-level "domains, as follows:
-Education
- EDU Government
- Military Government
- International MIL
- INT Network
- NET (non-profit) Organization
- Commercial ORG
- COM
