IP SUBNET:

IP Subnet address ::

IP networks can be divided into smaller networks called subnetworks (or subnets). Subnet provides the network administrator with several benefits, including extra flexibility, more efficient use of network addresses, and the ability to broadcast traffic (a broadcast will not cross a router) have.
 Subnets are under local administration.

As such, the outside world sees an organization as a single network and have no detailed knowledge of the organization's internal structure. A given network address can be broken up into many subnetworks.

For example, 172.16.1.0, 172.16.2.0, 172.16.3.0 and 172.16.4.0 are all subnets within network 171.16.0.0. (All 0s in host portion of an address specify the network.)

IP PACKET FORMAT::

The following discussion describes the IP packet.

• Version indicates the version of IP currently used.

• IP Header Length (IHL)-Indicates the datagram header length in 32-bit words.

 • Type-of-Service-Specifies how an upper layer protocol would be a current datagram to deal and knows datagrams various levels of interest.

• Total Length Specifies the length, in bytes, of the entire IP packet, including the dates and headline.

 • Identification-Contains a number that identifies the current datagram. This field is used to help piece together datagram fragments.

• Flags-Consists of a 3-bit field of the two low-order (at least-significant) bits control fragmentation. The low-order bit determines whether the packet can be fragmented. The middle bit determines whether the packet is the last fragment in a series of fragmented packets. The third or high-order bit is not used.

 • Fragment Offset indicates the position of the fragment's data in relation to the start of the data in the original datagram, which allows the destination IP process to properly reconstruct the original datagram.

• Time-to-Live-Maintains a counter that gradually decrements down to zero, at which point the datagram is discarded. This keeps packets from looping endlessly

. • Protocol-Indicates which upper-layer protocol receives incoming packets after IP processing is complete.

• Header Checksum help ensure IP header integrity.

 • Source Address-Specifies the sending node.

 • Destination Address-Specifies the receiving node.

WHY WOULD I NEED ROUTER:: ??

For most users, they will be setting up a LAN (local area network) or WLAN (wireless LAN) and all computers on the Internet without a full subscription service to pay their broadband ISP for each computer on the network. In many cases, an ISP you can use a router and several computers with a single Internet connection and a nominal fee for each additional computer sharing the connection. 

This is when home users will want to look at smaller routers, often called broadband routers that enable two or more computers sharing an Internet connection. Within a business or organization, you may have more computers accessing the internet, while even some private networks - and this is the kind of functions for a router design.

TYPES OF ROUTER::

Types of Routers There are different types of routers that you will want to understand. You should change to know that you can make your network or at least so you can understand the local computer guy told to do.

1>> BROADBAND  Routers::

  Broadband Routers can be used for different things.

 They can be used two different computers to connect two computers or to connect to the internet. They can also be used to make a phone connection to establish. If you have Voice over IP technology (VoIP), then you need a broadband router for your Internet connection to your phone. This is often a special type of modem that both Ethernet and phone jacks it.

 While this may seem a bit confusing, just follow the instructions that your VoIP provider sends your


2>> WIRELESS routers::

 - usually you need router to buy the company for the service you need. Wireless Routers Wireless Routers connect your modem and a wireless signal in your home or office. So any computer within range to make your wireless router and use your broadband internet for free.

 The only way to get someone to hold about your system, make sure your router. A word of warning for wireless routers: Make sure you secure them, or will be vulnerable to hackers and identity thieves. To secure your router, you just have to come in WhatIsMyIPAddress.com and your IP address gets. Then, you type in your web browser and log into your router (user ID and password will come with your router).

Remember router ID and password changes, and if someone else can lock you out of your system. Once there, go to wireless settings, enter a security key and you'll be about ready to go. Make sure you enter the key or storing it in a Word document.

 If you try to log into your Internet connection, you just need the key to enter. Your computer should be the key to remember, but write somewhere for safekeeping just in case.

WHAT IS ROUTER: ?

What is a router???

 Before we dive into the world of routers, you need to understand what a broadband connection is and how it works.

According to Dictionary.com, broadband is "a high speed, high capacity transmission medium that can carry signals from multiple network carriers independent This is done in a single coaxial or fiber optic cable through establishing different bandwidth channels..

Broadband technology can support a wide range of frequencies is used for data voice and video over long distances simultaneously broadcast .. "Routers takes the information received with the signal broadband via a modem to decode, and deliver it to your computer.

 Router will choose the best path for packet data so that you get information fast. Many different types of routers is designed to get information about your service can be delivered in a variety of different receivers, including your PC, your phone, and others.